Two Years, 57 Pages, No Merger: Amazon, Anthropic, and Brazil’s Filing Problem
The wave of artificial intelligence (AI) partnerships and “acqui-hires”—deals to acquire a company’s talent—has reached Brazil. The tribunal of Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) decided its first batch of such cases involving large technology firms and AI startups in May. A second round followed in September with Amazon/Anthropic—the would-be merger that turned out ... Two Years, 57 Pages, No Merger: Amazon, Anthropic, and Brazil’s Filing Problem
Premium, Regular, or Collusive? Brazil’s Aprix Case Tests Algorithmic Pricing
Few antitrust investigations find their theory of harm laid out in the target’s sales brochure. Brazil’s investigation of Aprix, a startup that sells pricing software to gas stations, nearly managed the feat. One of the company’s promotional brochures introduced prospective clients to the prisoner’s dilemma, the classic game-theory example in which individually rational choices can ... Premium, Regular, or Collusive? Brazil’s Aprix Case Tests Algorithmic Pricing
Brazil’s Gatekeeper Bill Gets a Tuneup, Not a Rethink
Brazil may soon become the first country in the Americas to regulate digital platforms before they do anything wrong. Bill 4,675/2025 would let the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) designate large technology companies as having “systemic relevance” and impose special obligations without first proving anticompetitive conduct or consumer harm. That is a substantial change ... Brazil’s Gatekeeper Bill Gets a Tuneup, Not a Rethink
Killer Theories and Acqui-Hire Alibis
Antitrust agencies have a habit of giving new labels to old anxieties. In artificial intelligence, the latest worry is that partnerships between large technology firms and startups are not partnerships at all, but mergers in clever disguises. In the first article in this series, we examined how Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) has ... Killer Theories and Acqui-Hire Alibis
Brazil Catches the Acqui-Hire Wave
The global antitrust wave over Big Tech’s artificial intelligence deals has reached Brazil. The question is whether Brazil’s competition authority is paddling into a real breaker—or mistaking regulatory chop for a swell. Last month, Brazil’s antitrust authority, the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE), entered that debate. It issued part of its long-awaited decisions on ... Brazil Catches the Acqui-Hire Wave
Brazil, Bots, and the Price of Free
Brazil’s WhatsApp case began as a fight over access to an application programming interface, or API—the technical doorway that lets outside services connect to WhatsApp. It has quickly become a test of how antitrust law should treat AI distribution. The Federal Court of São Paulo has now suspended the R$250,000, or about $50,000, daily fine ... Brazil, Bots, and the Price of Free
Brazil’s Google News Case and the Art of Not Letting Go
Some legal cases age like wine. Others age like browser tabs left open too long. Brazil’s Google News inquiry belongs firmly in the latter category. On April 3, Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) announced that its Tribunal had unanimously decided to send a seven-year-old administrative inquiry concerning Google’s use of journalistic content—whether for ... Brazil’s Google News Case and the Art of Not Letting Go
Before Brazil Scrubs In: The Case Against Digital-Market Surgery
Brazil’s digital markets do not need a regulatory savior so much as a careful doctor. Bill 4,675/2025 arrives with the bedside manner of a reform, but the instruments of major surgery: a new bureaucracy, decade-long designations, and open-ended obligations for firms deemed systemically important. Before Congress scrubs in, it should ask whether the patient is ... Before Brazil Scrubs In: The Case Against Digital-Market Surgery
Apple in Brazil: Ex Post Antitrust Meets Ex Ante Ambitions
Brazil’s competition authority (CADE) and Apple signed a Dec. 29 settlement agreement (Termo de Compromisso de Cessação, or TCC) resolving a high-stakes antitrust investigation Mercado Livre initiated in 2022 in Brazil and Mexico. Mercado Livre is Latin America’s leading e-commerce and marketplace platform. The agreement marks a watershed moment for Brazil’s digital economy. CADE will ... Apple in Brazil: Ex Post Antitrust Meets Ex Ante Ambitions
Will Brazil Subtly Sweep Consumer Welfare Under the Rug?
Brazil’s long-anticipated Bill 4,675/2025, which President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s government submitted last month to Congress, proposes to enact ex-ante regulation for digital markets (I offered an initial assessment here). While presented as a natural evolution of competition law, the proposal would instead alter some foundational aspects of the Brazilian antitrust framework. The measure ... Will Brazil Subtly Sweep Consumer Welfare Under the Rug?
Brazil’s Digital Markets Bill: A DMA Through the Back Door?
The Brazilian government’s executive branch hosted a political ceremony last week in which it unveiled its “Digital Brazil Agenda,” which proposes six government projects to build a “safer, more competitive, and more innovative digital environment.” The most high-profile of these was the Digital Child and Teenager Act, which would set rules for how social-media platforms ... Brazil’s Digital Markets Bill: A DMA Through the Back Door?
Beyond the Bark: Brazil’s Prudent Path in Digital Regulation
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva recently endorsed giving the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) much more power to regulate Big Tech, even as U.S. President Donald Trump threatens to impose tariffs “on countries whose taxes, legislation and regulations target US big tech companies such as Google, Meta, Amazon and Apple.” Trump’s declaration ... Beyond the Bark: Brazil’s Prudent Path in Digital Regulation
